![]() ![]() In fact, a literature review analyzing about 200 studies on birth order and personality found that it’s very common for middle children to feel like they “don’t belong.” This effect is called middle-child syndrome. Since they’re sandwiched between two (or several) children, they feel left out and neglected. Since the first child is more likely to receive more responsibilities, and the youngest child is more likely to be pampered, this leaves the middle child with no clear role or status within the family. What About the Middle Child?Īdler’s theory was that middle children, due to their place in the family birth order, generally feel overshadowed. ![]() However, as we all know, there are millions of children that are neither. That’s what the research says about firstborn and youngest children. Overall, research shows firstborn children to be less compliant than children born later, while younger children – the babies of the family – tend to be less independent, and more: Studies on birth-order suggest that, compared to individuals born later, firstborn children tend to be more: And – as it’s important to understand – correlation does not equal causation. Note that birth-order studies are mainly correlative. ![]() According to Adler, your personality is directly influenced whether you’re the youngest child, oldest child, or somewhere in between. Intensive Outpatient (IOP) / After-SchoolĪlfred Adler, an early psychoanalyst, and contemporary of Sigmund Freud, was the first to theorize that birth order affects personality.Partial Hospitalization (PHP) / Day Program. ![]()
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